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Arch. med ; 21(1): 150-164, 2021/01/03.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1148431

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: el suicidio es un grave problema de salud pública, con una mayor incidencia en niños y adolescentes. No obstante, es prevenible mediante intervenciones oportunas, por lo cual se considera fundamental encontrar y elegir programas de prevención de suicidio en estos grupos etarios desde la atención primaria en salud. Metodología: se revisó la literatura sobre la prevención del suicidio desde atención primaria en documentos oficiales y artículos en las bases de datos Web of Science, Clinicalkey, PubMed y Science Direct. Se seleccionaron 35 documentos y se organizaron en 4 categorías: familia, entorno, personal de salud y prevención en atención primaria. Resultados: se encontraron programas enfocados en la familia, que ayudan a mejorar la relación padre-hijo e informan a los padres sobre métodos letales y cómo restringir su acceso. Por otro lado, hay documentos en donde se capacita al personal de salud para identificar, diagnosticar y tratar oportunamente las enfermedades mentales o las situaciones que predisponen las conductas suicidas; y así mismo, se interviene a aquellos que están en riesgo o han tenido intentos de suicidio previos. Conclusión: existen múltiples estrategias e intervenciones para reconocer y responder a las señales de advertencia de suicidio. Es importante que el personal de salud de atención primaria identifique y se capacite para el manejo inicial de pacientes con riesgo de suicidio y pueda brindar educación a la red de apoyo del menor sobre las estrategias para afrontar estas conductas..Au


Objective: suicide is a serious public health problem which has a higher incidence in children and adolescents; however, it is preventable through timely interventions; therefore, it is essential to find suicide prevention programs in these age groups from Primary Health Care. Methodology: a review of the literature about suicide prevention from primary care was carried out by searching official documents and articles in the Web of Science, Clinicalkey, PubMed and Science Direct databases. 35 documents were selected and organized into 4 categories: family, environment, health personnel and prevention in primary care. Results: through the review were found family-focused programs that help improve the parent-child relationship and teach parents about lethal practices and how to restrict their access. On the other hand, there are interventions where health personnel are trained to identify, diagnose and timely treat mental illnesses or situations that predispose to suicidal behavior; and likewise, those who are already at risk or have previous suicide attempts are intervened. Conclusion: there are multiple strategies and interventions to recognize and respond to warning signs of suicide. Therefore, it is important that primary care health personnel identify and have the capacity to carry out the initial management of patients at risk of suicide and can provide education to the minor's support network regarding strategies to deal with these behaviors..Au


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Primary Prevention , Suicide, Attempted
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